Evidence study

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 9999 06317 536 6

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION

— ^ — _____

DIVISION OF REVIEW

EVIDENCE STUDY
NO. 5

OF

THE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Prepared by
AL F. O'DONNELL

AUGUST, 1935

PRELIMINARY DRAFT
(NOT FOR RELEASE: FOR USE IN DIVISION ONLY)

THE EVIDENCE STUDY SERIES

The EVIDENCE STUDIES were originally planned as a means of gathering
evidence bearing upon various legal issues which arose under the National
Industrial Recovery Act.

These studies have value quite aside from the use for which they were
originally intended. Accordingly, they are now made available for confidential
use within the Division of Review, and for inclusion in Code Histories*

The full list of the Evidence Studies is as follows;

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Automobile Manufacturing Ind.
Boot and Shoe Mfg. Ind.
Bottled Soft Drink Ind.
Builders' Supplies Ind.

Chemical Mf;

Ind,

Cigar Mfg. Industry

Construction Industry

Cotton Garp.ent Industry

Dress Mfg. Ind.

Electrical Contracting Ind.

Electrical Mfg. Ind,

Fab, Metal prod. Mfg. , etc.

Fishery Industry

Furniture Mfg. Ind.

General Contractors Ind.

Graphic Arts Ind.

Gray Iron Foundry Ind.

Hosiery Ind.

Infant's & Children's Wear Ind.

Iron and Steel Ind,

Leather

Lumber & Timber Prod. Ind.

23.
24.
2o ,
op

27 .
28.
29.
30.
51.
32.

40.
41.
42.
43.

Mason Contractors Industry

Me n ' s CI o thi ng Indus t ry

Motion picture Industry

Motor Bus Mfg. Industry (Dropped)

Needlework Ind. of Puerto Rico

Painting & Paperhanging & Decorating

photo Engraving Industry

Plumbing Contracting Industry

Retail Fooo. (See No. 42)

Retail Lumber Industry

Retail Solid Fuel (Dropped)

Retail Trade Industry

Rubber Mfg. Ind.

Rubber Tire Mfg. Ind.

Silk Textile Ind.

Structural Clay Products Ind.

Throwing Industry

Trucking Industry

Waste Materials Ind.

Wholesale & Retail Food Ind. (See No,

Wholesale Fresh Fruit & Veg. 31)

In addition to the studies brought to completion, certain materials have
been assembled for other industries. These MATERIALS are included in the series
and are also made available for confidential use within the Division of Review
and for inclusion in Code Histories, as follows;

44. Wool Textile Industry

45. Automotive parts & Equip. Ind.

46. Baking Industry

47. Canning Industry

48. Coat, and Suit Ind.

a 9
50.
51.
52.

Household Goods & Storage, etc. (Drop-

JUL- ti & O l/U i ct4C , Cl/U.\,JJiUM-

Le Retailing Trade Ind, ped)
Retail Tire 4 Battery Trade Ind.

Motor Vehiclf

Retail Tire & Battery Traae j

oa. Ship & Boat Bldg. & Repairing Ind,

53. Wholesaling or Distributing Trade

L. C. Marshall
Director, Division of Review

O^-b^V. \ ^U

C01TTE1TTS

Page

Foreword 1

CHAPTER I - THE NATURE OP THE BIDUSTRY 2

Definition of the Industry 2

Total Slumber of Establishments 2

ITumber of Establishments by

Principal States 2

Humber of Members of the Industry 2

Value of Products 4

Consumption of Chemicals 4

Capital Investment 4

CHAPTER II - LABOR STATISTICS 7

Number of Employees 7

Seasonality of Employment ... 7

Number of Employees per Establishment -7

Annual Wages 8.

Per Cent Labor Cost is of Total

Value of Product 8

Hourly and Weekly Wages and Hours

per Week .10

Emplo;rees under 16 Years of Age '10

CHAPTER III - MATERIALS: RAW AND SEMI -PROCESSED 12

Cost of Raw Materials ' 12

Domestic Sources of Ran Materials ^12

CHAPTER IV - PRODUCTION AID DISTRIBUTION 14

Vertical Integration 14

Value of Products in Principal States 14

Interstate Movement of Selected

Products 14

Value of Exports '14

CHAPTER V - GENERAL INFORMATION 19

Trade Associations 19

List of Experts 19

APPEI-IDIX 21

-oOo-

8544

TABLES

Page

TABLE II -

TABLE III -

TABLE I - Number of Establishments, "by

Principal States 3

Value of Production, "by Kind of

Product 5

Estimated Distribution of Sulphuric
Acid, Soda Ash, and Caustic Soda,
Consumed in United States "by Various
Industries, 1934 6

Seasonality of Employment, 1934 ' 7

Establishments Classified According to

Number of Eactory Workers, April, 1934. . . ' 8

ilumber of Establishments, lumber of

Employees, and Wages Paid, by States .... 9

Total Value of Product, Total Labor

Cost, and Total Cost of Materials '10

Average Hourly and Weekly Yfages and

Average Hours Per Week 11

Value of Products Produced, by

Principal States 15

TABLE X - Value of Selected Chemicals Exported '> 16

MPS

Page

MAP I - Distribution of Principal Rau

Materials Required by the Chemical

Industry 13

MAP II - Fnere Heavy Chemicals are Made and

Consumed (Sulphuric Acid Consumption) ... 17

MAP III - Where Heavy Chemicals are Made and

Consumed (Alkali Consumption) 18

~o0o-

TA3LE IV -

TABLE V -

TAELE VI -

TABLE VII -

TABLE VIII -

TABLE IX -

8544

-li-

„1-

THE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Foreword

The data presented in this report have been assembled almost
entirely from governmental sources. Much of the material has been
taken from the Census of Manufactures reports on two industries,
"Chemicals Hot Elsewhere Classified," and "Explosives," which, when
combined, represent a classification roughly comparable with the Code
definition as explained in Chapter I. Other government data used are
those gathered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Supplementary data have been obtained
from the Oil, paint, and Drug Reporter. Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, from material released by the Chemical Alliance, Incorpo-
rated, which acted as the Code Authority for the Industry, and from
the Chemical Foundation, Incorporated, a corporation organized to take
over German patents during the war and whose present activity consists
largely of promoting the general interests of the Industry through the
distribution of literature.

Due to lack of pertinent information, some of the topics called
for in the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth sections of the
"Outline for Collection of Evidence" have not been discussed in this
report. Section V of the outline was considered inapplicable to this
Industry since the Code contained no trade practice provisions.

8544

- 2 -

Chapter I

THE NATURE OF THE INDUSTRY

Definition, of the Industry

The Code definition restricts the Chemical Manufacturing Industry to "the
production and sale "by the producer of heavy, industrial, and fine chemicals,
and their "by-products unless separate codes ... are submitted "

Many chemical -producing industries which, normally would otherwise have
operated under the Chemical Manufacturing Industry Code, choose to submit and
operate under separate codes.

The Census of Manufactures does not include a classification which is
strictly comparable with the Industry as defined in the Chemical Manufacturing
Code. However, a combination of the data included under the Census Industries
No. 698, "Chemicals hot Elsewhere Classified" and ho. 613, "Explosives" was
considered sufficiently representative of the codified Industry to "be used in
this survey. The principal differences "between the scope of these two class-
ifications combined and the Industry, as defined in the Code, are that the former
does not include ethyl alcohol, which accounts for about 5 per cent of the value
of output of the codified Industry , nor "by-product coke produced under the
Chemical Manufacturing Code. The combined Census classifications, furthermore,
include some items produced under Codes for the Lye Industry, Plastic Fabricator,
and. Hatural Organic Products. It is "believed that the combined Census class-
ifications and the Code classification have a"bout 90 per cent of their respective
coverages in common.

Total Ilumber of Establishments

As shown in Table 1, below, the number of establishments operating in the
Chemical Manufacturing Industry declined from 646 in 1929 to 607 in 1933.

Number of Establishments by Principal States

The number of establishments in each of the principal chemical -producing
states is shown in Table I. New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania contain the
largest number of establishments, in the order mentioned. Large numbers are also
located in Ohio, California and Illinois,

Number of Members of the Industry

A good idea of the number of members of the Chemical Industry may be obtain-
ed from the results of a survey undertaken in April, 1934, by The Chemical Alli-
ance, Incorporated, the leading trade association in the Industry. Question-
naires were sent to all members of the Alliance and returns were received from
337 chemical companies which covered the operations of 598 distinct factory units.
1/ This number compares vary well with the total of 607 plants shown in the 1933

Census. ____^___ _ _—

1/ The Chemical Alliance, Incorporated, "Report of the Committee on Statistics
Showing Distribution of Labor and Easic VJage Rates for the Chemical Manufacturing
Industry," (November 1934), p. 1.

3544

- 3 -

TABLE I

Number of Establishments, by Principal States

State

lumber of Establishments

1929

1931

.933

U. S. Total

645

636

607

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Llaryland

Mas sachus et t s

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Hew Jersey

Hew York

Ohio

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

Ehode Island

Tennessee

Tercas

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

3

7

7

5

2

1

51

54

54

5

5

4

7

7

9

45

41

39

10

11

10

5

5

6

4

3

3

6

4

4

9

10

10

16

21

19

15

19

13

4

4

3

14

12

12

103

106

97

101

92

85

53

60

55

5

3

3

70

71

71

7

6

4

10

10

11

11

11

16

11

10

12

11

12

7

19

18

14

7

6

6

Other States

23

26

27

Source: Census of Manufacturers. "Chemicals not Else-
where Classified" and "Explosives."

8544

Value of Products

The total value of chemicals produced in the Industry as defined in the
Code decreased fron $844,143,000 in 1329 to $615,036,000 in 1931, and to
$525,231,000 in 1933. The value of the more important chemical products is
shown in Table II. The decrease in value has "been general, but the groups
classified under "Miscellaneous Chemicals" and "Explosives" have apparently "been
the most seriously affected,

A similar summary of changes in the volume of production is not available.
Consumption of Chemicals

An indication of the consumption of chemicals "by other industries is given
in Table III. The information presented is confined to three principal products
— sulphuric acid, soda ash, and caustic soda. A ride variety of industries
purchase these products. The fertilizer and petroleum-refining industries were
the largest users of sulphuric acid in 1934. The largest quantity of soda ash
was used by the Chemical Industry itself; the second largest, by glass workers.
The Rayon Industry used a large share of caustic soda.

The location of six of the principal chemical-consuming industries is shown
in the Appendix Tables I to VI, inclusive. These tables ere presented merely
to indicate the wide geographic scatter of the consuming industries.

Capital Investment

Complete figures on the capital invested in the Chemical Industry are not
available. Francis P. Garvan, President of "he Chemical Foundation, Incorporated
estimated that in 1934 the 598 plants mentioned above had a capital investment
of over a billion dollars. "LI

1/ Garvan, Francis P., In the Hatter of a Pro-oosed Reci'orocal Trade between the
United States and Switzerland, published by The Chemical Foundation, Incorpo-
rated (1935), p. 41.

G544

- fi -

TABLE II

Value of Production, "by Kind of Product
(in thousands)

Kind of

Val

ue of Product

ion

Product

1929

1931a/

19315/

1933

Grand Total c/

$844-, 14-3

$615,096

$603,445

$525,231

Total "Chemicals Hot

Elsewhere Classified"

781,190

575,827

563,176

495,136

Acids

98,620

66,433

65,096

55,487

llitrogen & Fixed

ITitrogen

33,337

33,483

33, 262

30,756

Sodium Compounds

137,655

108,591

104,025

95,107

Potassium Compounds

9,998

8,112

8,112

7,434

Alums & Other Aluminum

Compounds

15,949

10,761

10,621

11,501

Coal Tar Products

130,652

103,083

100,532

107,273

Plasters

39,734

27 , 847

27,346

26,381

miscellaneous Chemicals

310,245

217,512

214,182

162,247

Total Explosives

62, 953

40,269

40,269

29 , 045

Dynamite

36,989

22,024

22, 024

J.D j td&O

Permissible Explosives

3,375

5,820

5,820

4,154

Nitroglycerin

2,447

434

434

451

Blasting Powder

7,750

4,909

4,909

4,056

Puse Ponder

427

293

293

186

Gunpowder Block & Other

Explosives

6,955

6 , 789

6,739

4,975

Source: Census of Manufactures,

"Chemicals,

Hot Elsewher

e Classified"

and

"Explosives. "

a/ Due to changes in Census schedule these figures are comparable
only with 1929.

b/ Due to change in Census schedule these fig-ores are comparable
only with 1933,

c/ The grand totals do not agree with totals shown in Tables VII and IX
since the above include chemicals made as secondary products in other
Industries, and exclude other products, not normally belonging to the
Chemical manufacturing Industry, which were made in chemical manufact-
uring plants.

3544

„ 6 -

TABLE III

Estimated Distribution of Sulphuric Acid, Soda Ash and Caustic
Soda, Consumed in United States by Various Industries, 1934

Thousands of Tons

Consuming
Industries

Sulphuric Acid

and

Soda

Caustic

(Basis 50° Baume)

Ash

Soda

Total

5,660

1,696

659

Fertilizer

Petroleum Refining

Chemicals

Coal Products

Iron and Steel

Other Metallurgical

Paint and Pigment

Rayon and Cellulose Fiber

Textile

Glass Works

Soap

Cleansers & Modified

Sodas
Pulp and Paper
Water Softening
Lye

Rubber Reclaiming
Vegetable Oil
Exports
Miscellaneous

1,450
1,100
755
535
475
390
210
230
75

580

80
109

250

—

140

28

33

480

—

175

93

100

_

70

37

40

—

—

34

—

9

—

9

45

65

170

50

Source: Oil, Paint and Drw; Reporter, May 27, 1935, Page 32;

(from "Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Statistics"),

8544

-7-

Chapter II
LABOR STATISTICS

Number' "of Employees

The average number of employees in the Chemical Manufacturing Industry was
higher in 1934 than in 1929. Changes in employment since 1929 may be summarized
as follows; !_/

Average for 1929
Average for 1931
Average for 1933
Average for 1934

67,813 employees
53,255 employees
57,358 employees
71,500 employees

Seasonality of Employment

There appears to he little seasonal variation in employment in the Industry
considered as a whole. The monthly data for 1934, which are assembled in Table
IV, show that the number of employees at work in November, the low month, was
only 7 per cent below the peak in July. There was about the same variation in
total man-hours. However, if information were available for various branches of
the Industry, seasonal fluctuation for the individual branches would probably
appear more pronounced than it does in the totals where the seasonal variation
of one branch may be offset by that of another.

Number of Employees per Establishment

A few establishments employ a very large proportion of the total workers in
the Industry. As can be seen from Table V, the 10 per cent of the plants which
employed more than 250 employees in 1934 accounted for over 60 per cent of the
total employees. The remaining workers were scattered among a large number of
small plants.

TABLE IV

Seasonality of Employment, 1934

Week Ending
Nearest the
15th

Estimated Number
of Employees

Estimated Weekly
Man-Hours
(Thousands)

Estimated Weekly
Payroll
( Thousands )

Average

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

71 , 500

69 , 300
69 , 610
71,310
73,480
73,680
73,850
73,950
73,130
71 , 410
70,390
69,150
68,720

2,743

$1,580

2,692

1,481

2,705

1,506

2,743

1,526

2,857

1,645

2,730

1,618

2,825

1,642

2,858,

1,646

2,822

1,647

2,677

1,571

2,730

1,581

2,642

1,554

2,639

1,540

sties, Trend

of Employment,

Source: Basic data from the Bureau of Labor Stati
B.L.S. indexes for "Chemicals11 and "Explo
Census base figures for "Chemicals Not El
"Explosives" and adjusted by NEA to 1933

1/ See Tables IV and VI,

sives" have b
sewhere Class
Census totals

een multiplied by
ified" and

-8-

TABLE V

Establishments Classified According to
Number of Factory Workers, April, 1934

Number of Factory Workers
per Establishment

Number

Per Cent of Total
Classified

Establish-

Employees

Establish-

Employees

ments

ments

20a/

„

3.3

•^

82

246

13.7

0.4

151

1,752

25.3

2.9

133

4,363

22.2

7.3

79

5,544

13.2

9.2

72

11,410

12.0

19.0

31

10,493

5.2

17.5

23

15,660

3.8

26.1

7

10,645

1.2

17.7

598

60,113

100.0

100.0

-

9,832

—

w—

—

69,945

— ■

—

No employees
1-5 employees
6-20 employees
21-50 employees
51-100 employees
101-250 employees
251-500 employees
501-1,000 employees
1,000 or more employees

Total Classified
Not Classified
Total

Source: The Chemical Alliance, Incorporated, "Report of the Committee on Statis-
tics Showing Distribution of Labor and Basic Wage Rates for the Chemical
Manufacturing Industry." (November 1934), p. 2.

a/ Not operating

Note; There were 19,103 office workers in addition to the above, thus making
a total of 89,048 employees.

Annual Wages

The total wage bill of the Industry declined from $103,167,9»3 in 1929 to
$71,932,554 in 1931, and still further to $63,364,000 in 1933. Comparable Cen-
sus data are not available for 1934, but by multiplying the estimated average
weekly payroll of $1,580,000, shown in Table IV, by 52 weeks, we arrive at a
figure of $82,160,000 for the estimated annual payroll in 1934. From this it
would appear that earnings have not improved to the same extent as employment,
for it has previously been pointed out that 1934 employment was above the 1929
level.

Employment and annual wages in the principal chemical producing states are
shown in Table VI. New Jersey and New York have the largest number of employees
and the largest payrolls. Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois are also important
centers.

Per Cent Labor Cost is of Total Value of Product

Wages form a comparatively small proportion of the total value of chemical
products. The percentage has varied little since 1929, for, as can be seen from
Table VII, labor costs formed about 12 per cent of the total value in 1929, 1931
and 1933.

8544

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TABLE VII

Tctal Value of product, Total Labor Cost, and
Total Cost of Materials

Total Total labor Cost Total Materials Cost

Year Value of

product a/ Amount per Cent Amount Per Cent

(Thousands) (Thousands) of Total (Thousands) of Total

1929 $810,588 $103,163 12.7
1931 579,434 71,933 12.4
1933 511,609 63,364 12.4

$395,341

48.8

265,587

45.8

234,158

45.8

Source: Census of Manufactures, "Chemicals not Elsewhere Classified,"
and "Explosives."

a/ The totals shown here do not agree with those shown in Table II,

since the above do not include chemicals made as secondary products
in other industries, and include other products, not normally be-
longing to the Industry but made in chemical manufacturing plants.

Hourly and Weekly Wages and Hours per Week

Hourly wage rates in this Industry are high in comparison with most other
industries. The average in 1929 was 65.5 cents; in 1933 it was down to 56.2
cents, but it rose to 61.6 cents in 1934.

Average hours worked per week have decreased since 1931. In 1929 and 1931
the average working week was about 45 hours; in 1933, 40.7 hours; and in 1934,
38.4 hours.

Weekly earnings are affected both by wage rates and the length of the
working week. Thus, in the Chemical Industry the increase in hourly earnings
in 1934 has been counteracted by the reduction in hours, so that weekly earn-
ings in 1934 averaged only $23.67 as compared with $23.13 in 1933. In 1929 the
average was almost $30. The information pertaining to hoiirs and earnings is
summarized in Table VIII.

Employees under 16 Years of Age

Very few children have been employed in the Chemical Industry. The Census
of Occupations showed that only 773 "operatives" and 465 "laborers" from 10 to
15 years old were employed in "Chemical and Allied Industries" in 1930. This
classification is much broader than the one used in this report, since it in-
cluded, among others, rayon, fertilizer, charcoal, coke, gas, and petroleum
refinery workers who would be excluded from the Chemical Industry as defined
by the Code,

8544

-11-

TABLE VIII
Average Hourly and Weekly Wages and Average Hours Per Week a/

Average

Average

Average

Year

Hourly

Weekly

Weekly

Wages

Earnings

Hours

1929

$0,655

$29.67

45.3

1931

.607

27.54

45.4

1933

.562

23,13

40.7

1934

.616

23.67

38.4

Source; Data for 1929 and 1931 are national Industrial Conference
Board figures, adjusted toy tne Division of Research and
planning, ERA, to correspond with Bureau of LaDor Sta-
tistics figures which have "been available since 1932.

a/ Weekly averages "based upon data for the week ending
nearest the 15th of each <»onth.

8544

-13-

Chapter III

MATERIALS: RAW AHD SEMI-PROCESSED

Cost of Raw Materials

The Chemical Industry spent $395,341,000 for raw materials, fuel, and
electric power in 1929, $265,587,000 in 1931, and $234,153,000 in 1933. As
shown in Table VII above, the cost of raw materials is a very important fac-
tor in the total value of products. In 1929 raw materials formed almost 49
per cent of the total value, and in 1931 and 1933, about 46 per cent.

Domestic 'Sources of Raw Materials

The states in which the principal raw materials used by the Chemical In-
dustry are produced are shown graphically in Map I. There are no figures
available on the total quantities or value of each of these materials consumed
by the Chemical Industry, nor on the proportions of the total production of
these raw materials which are converted into chemicals.

The map cannot show precisely the sources of materials but an indication
of the interstate movement of raw" materials can be obtained from it. For
instance, New Jersey, which has been shown to be one of the two leading states
in the Chemical Manufacturing Industry, is not shown on this map as supplying
any raw materials for the Industry. This statement is, of course, a, broad
generalization and should not be taken too literally.

8544

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-14-
Chapter IV
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

Vertical Integration

The trend of corporate development in the Chemical Industry has been
toward consolidation and integration. The large organizations often control
all stages of processing from basic raw materials to consumer's goods. This
has "been due to the marked economies resulting from large scale production, con-
tinuous operation, and recent developments of processes for the efficient use
of "by-products.

The integration of the Industry eliminates the distribution problem of
some of the plants, as their outputs are taken up "by affiliated companies. As
a result of the intra-industry consumption of chemicals most products of the
Chemical Industry are in general sold and shipped in "bulk so that only about
40 per cent of the selling price of chemical products represents distribution
costs, l/ Only a relatively small percentage of the output of the Chemical
Manufacturing Industry is purchased "by the ultimate consumer in its original
form.

Value of Products in Principal States

The value of chemicals and explosives produced in .the various states is
shown in Table IX. For some states the value of explosives was not available,
so that the value of those states is somewhat understated, and to the same ex-
tent the value shown in "/J.1 Other States" is overstated. New York and New
Jersey are the leading producing states; these two states in 1933 produced about
38 per cent 2/ of the total value. Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois
also produce large amounts of chemicals.

There are no figures to indicate the total volume of chemicals produced
in each state.

Interstate Movement of Selected Products

The interstate movement of chemical products is illustrated by Maps II and
III which show the states in which sulphuric acids and alkalis are produced and
consumed.

Value of Exports

The value of important exports of chemicals produced in the Industry as
defined by the Code declined from $56,092,000 in 1929 to $32,185,000 in 1933.
In 1934 there was noticeable improvement and the value of exports rose to
$40,310,000. A summary of chemical exports is contained in Table X. The groups
shown in this table have been selected because they appeared to correspond most
closely with the Code definitions of the Chemical Manufacturing Industry.

1/ Haynes, Uilliam. Chemical Economies. Van Nostrand Co., New York (1933) p. 104
2/ This does not include the value of "explosives" produced in New York and

New Jersey.
8544

-15-

table ix

Value of Products Produced, "by Principal States a/

State

Value of Production in Each State (Thousands)
1929 " 1951 1933

U. S„ Total

$810,538

$579,434

California

24,636 b/

26,085

Illinois

64,513

47 , 681

Indiana

£./

13,798

7,051

Maryland

12 , 942

7,153

Massachusetts

a/

19,103

14,700

Michigan

?./

53,183

36,870

Missouri

19 , 425

13,150

New Jersey

a

155, 7S3

111,887

New York

d

168,629

110 , 325

Ohio

47,906

36,515

Pennsylvania

60,081

35,189

Tennessee

h/

18,320

17,443

Virginia

20,682

20,917

West Virginia

i/

22,859

21 , 741

All Other States

108,128

72,727

$511,609

26,319
33,117
7,111
7,345
12,697
37,707
12,772
97,162
96,496
37 , 949
33,389
13,609
18,833
19,484

57,619

Source:

sJ

a/

fi/

Census of Manufactures, "Chemicals not Elsewhere Classified," and
Explosives. "

The notes "below when read in connection with the footnote references
in the body of the table indicate the number of explosive plants in
given states for which figures on value of products were' not given
separately. The value of products for these plants is therefore in-
cluded in "All Other States."

Three plants.
One plant.
One plant.
Two plants.
Five plants in
1929 and 1931;
4 in 1933.

sj Two plants in 1929 and 1931;

1 in 1933.

h/ Two plants in 1929; 1 in 1931

and 1933,
i/ Pive plants in 1929; 4 in 1931;

2 in 1933.

8544

-16~

TABLE X
Value of Selected Chemicals Exported

Item

Value of Exports (Thousands)

1929

1931

1933

1934

Coal-Tar Products

Industrial Chemicals,
Exclusive of Com-
pressed and Liquefied
Gases

Nitrogenous Fertilizer
Materials

Explosives

Total

$18,061 $10,308 $12,421 $13,264

27 •, 091 18,947 15,973 20,730

7,526 4,828 2,729 4,940

3,414 1,177 1,062 1,376

56,092 35,260 32,185 40,310

Source: Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Comnerce, Monthly Summary of Foreign
Commerce of the United States (December issues).

8544

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Chapter V

GENERAL INFORMATION

Trade Associations

Important trade organizations in the Chemical Industry are: The Chemical
Alliance, Inc.; Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers' Association; and
Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States. Membership lists
showed 510 members of the Chemical Alliance, Inc.; 42 members of Synthetic
Organic Chemical Manufacturers' Association, and 81 members of Manufacturing
Chemists* Association, at the end of 1934, 1/ The lists of members are over-
lapping as some companies appear on all three lists.

The Chemical Alliance, Inc., which has the largest membership, sponsored
the Code.

Experts

It is understood that the men listed below have not been consulted in
any way regarding their potential use as experts in connection with evidence
as to the interstate character of these industries and we have no information
available as to their education, experience and other qualifications. In most
instances leaders in the trade have designated these individuals as men best
qualified to discuss the particular segments of the industry for which we
are suggesting them as expert st

Solvents and Alkalies

Robert T. Baldwin, Chemists Club Building,

52 - East 41st Street, New York City
Secretary, American Chemists Society
Director, Chlorine Institute
Adviser on Industrial Alcohol Industry

Solvents

Glenn Haskell, U. S. Alcohol, Company, 42nd Street,

New York City
M. P. Chase, Commercial Solvents Corporation,

New York City

Alkalies

E. M. Allen, Mathieson Alkali Works, Hew York City

Irving Taylor, Michigan Alkali Co., 42nd St., New York City

A. B. Chadwick, Semet-Solvay Company, New York City

Chas. Millard, General Chemical Company, New York City

Harold Alouist, Consulting Engineer, 331 Madison Ave., New York City

Mr, St scuff » Semet-Solvay Company, New York City

1/ Garvan, Francis P., "A proposed Reciprocal Trade Treaty Between the
United States and Switzerland," published by "The Chemical Foundation,
Inc.," (1935) pp. 109 ff.

8544

~20~
Sulphuric Acid

Henry Merriam, General Chemical Company, Hew York City
Howard Mansfield, Graseili Company, Cleveland, Ohio.

Bynami t e

Mr. Higgins, Hercules powder Company, Sew York City

Heavy Chemicals

Chas. Belknap, Merrimac Chemical Company, Everett, Mass.

Pine Chemicals

George Merck, 161 - 6th Avenue, Hew York City

Potash

Horace Albright, Canadian Pacific Building, Hew York City

Foreign Trade

William Buffam, Chemical Foundation., Madison Ave., New York City
Francis C-arvan, Chemical Foundation, Madison Ave., New York City

Chlorine

Robert T. Baldwin, Chemists Club Building,

52 East 41st St., Hew York City

Carbon Bi oxide

George Pettee, Carbon Bioxide Institute,

Grand Central Bldg. , Hew York City

Nitrogen and nitrate of Soda

Chaplin Tyler, BuPont Company, Wilmington, Bel.

Coal Tar Products

Henry Atherton, President, Allied Chemicals Corp., Hew York City
Willard Bow, Bow Chemical Company, Midlands, Michigan
Orlando Weber, c/o Allied Chemicals Corp., Hew York City

General

Caeser Proto, Economist, BuPont Company, Wilmington, Bel.
Br. William J. Hale, Cosmos Club, Washington, B. C. ,

formerly consultant for the Bow Chemical Company
Hans Clarke, Medical Center, Hew York City, formerly

consultant for the Eastman Kodak Company
Sidney Kirkpatrick, Editor, Chemical and Metallurgical

Engineering, 42nd Street, Hew York City

8544

-21-

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